DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY UNIT - 4

DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

UNIT-4

CHEMICAL SAFETY & CONFINED SPACE

CONTENTS:

1. INTRODUCTION
2. MULTIPLE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL IN INDUSTRY
3. TOXICITY MEASUREMENT
4. SAFETY PROPERTIES OF HAZARDOUS FLAMMABLES
5. CHEMICAL HAZARDS EXPOSURES
6. CHEMICAL MEASURES
7. STORAGE AND HANDLING OF CHEMICALS
8. INVENTORY MEASURES TO CONTROL CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS.

9. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
10. JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
11. CONFINED SPACE
12. JOB BREAK DOWN SHEET
13. HAZARD OPERABILITY STUDY
14. FAULT TREE ANALYSIS

MULTIPLE EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS IN INDUSTRY:

v  FIRE HAZARDS COMBUSTIBLEAND FLAMMABLE SOLIDS,LIQUIDS AND GASES FIRE HAZARDS

v  ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IT IS DUE TO INADEQUATE OR DEFECTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL OR TREATMENT METHOD

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE OF TOXIC OR CORRESIVE CHEMICALS.TOXIC OR CORROSIVE MATERIALS CAN SUDDENLY LEAK AS A RRISK EFFECT FROM

CHEMICAL(I.E TOXIC HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS) ARE:

v  ACUTE EFFECT- IMMEDIATE EFFECT E.G NB3, ACID BASES

v  LOCAL EFFECT- EFFECT ON CONFINED TO THE AFFECTED PART(CHEMICAL BRUISES)

v  CHRONIC EFFECT- EFFECT OFTEN DUE TO PROLONGED EXPOSURE EG. TOXICITY BY CHROMIUM

v  SYSTEMATIC EFFECT-EFFECT ON COMLETE ONE OR MORE THAN ONE SYSTEM. EG.CO INHALKATION.H2S INHALATION,BENEZENE AND ANILINE POISIONING METHANOL POISONING ETC

CHEMICAL(I.E TOXIC HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS) ARE:

v  ACUTE EFFECT- IMMEDIATE EFFECT E.G NB3, ACID BASES

v  LOCAL EFFECT- EFFECT ON CONFINED TO THE AFFECTED PART(CHEMICAL BRUISES)

v  CHRONIC EFFECT- EFFECT OFTEN DUE TO PROLONGED EXPOSURE EG. TOXICITY BY CHROMIUM

v  SYSTEMATIC EFFECT-EFFECT ON COMLETE ONE OR MORE THAN ONE SYSTEM. EG.CO INHALKATION.H2S INHALATION,BENEZENE AND ANILINE POISIONING METHANOL POISONING ETC

v  ESULTS OF MECHANICAL FAILURE IN ADVANCE OR DUE TO MISHANDLING ON A PART OF WORKER THUS CAUSING SERIOUS  ACCIDENTS.

v  ENVIRONMENTATL POLLUTION. IT IS DUE TO INADEQUATE OR DEFECTIVE WASTEDISPOSAL OR TREATMENT METHOD

RISK EFFECT FROM CHEMICAL(I.E TOXIC HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS) ARE:

v  ACUTE EFFECT- IMMEDIATE EFFECT E.G NB3, ACID BASES

v  LOCAL EFFECT- EFFECT ON CONFINED TO THE AFFECTED PART(CHEMICAL BRUISES)

v  CHRONIC EFFECT- EFFECT OFTEN DUE TO PROLONGED EXPOSURE EG. TOXICITY BY CHROMIUM

v  SYSTEMATIC EFFECT-EFFECT ON COMLETE ONE OR MORE THAN ONE SYSTEM. EG.CO INHALKATION.H2S INHALATION,BENEZENE AND ANILINE POISIONING METHANOL POISONING ETC

CHEMICALS MAY BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED AS:

ASPHYXIATES:

v  SIMPLE MAN ASPHYXIATES ARE CARBOM-DI0OXIDE, NITROGEN, HYDROGEN,HYDROGEN ETC.

v  CHEMICAL ASPHYXIATES ARE CARBON MONOXIDE, HYDROGEN CYANIDE ETC.

IRRITANTS:

v  PRIMARY IRRITANTS ARE AMMONIA,SULPHUR DIOXIDE,CHLORINE ETC.

v  SECONDARY IRRITANTS ARE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE,CARBON DI SULPHIDE

v  ANESTHETICS

v  PRIMARY ARE GASOLINE ETHER ALCOHOL ETC.

v  SECONDARY ANESTHETICS WITH LIVER TOXICITY ARE CARBON TERRACHLORIDE AND WITH HEAMPOETIC TOXICITY ARE BENZENE NAPTHALENE ETC.

ORGANIC GROUP:

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS COAL TAR

DERIVATIVES PHENOL, CRESOL ETC. MISCELLANEOUS GROUP:

v  INORGANIC LEAD ARSENIC CHROMIUM MANGANESE

v  INORGANIC ARSENIC STIBINE ETC.

v  ORGANIC METALLIC TERRA ETHYL LEAD(TEL) ETC.

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS ON HUMAN BODY

v  CHEMICALS CAN CAUSE ASPHYXIA OR SUFFOCATION

v  IT CAUSES IRRITATION TO RESPIRATORY TRACT OR OTHER VITAL ORGANS LIKE LIVER KIDNEY ETC.

v  SOME CHEMICALS CAUSE SEMI CONSCIOUSNESS OR UNCONSCIOUSNESS

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL HAZARDS CAN BE PROBABLY CATEGORIZED AS:

v  SOLIDS:COMPRISING OF COMBUSTIBLE FLAMMABLE SOLIDS,TOXIC AND CORROSIVE SOLIDS(INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE SUBSTRANCES) SOLIDS CAUSING SPONTANEOUS IGNITION OR VIOLENT REACTIONS (IN WATER OR AIR) EXPLOSIVE SOLIDS OR DETONATORS.

v  DUST: SOLIDS PARTICLES GENERATED BY HANDLING,GRINDLING GRINDING RAPID IMPACT DEFORMATION OF ORGAN OR INORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS ROCKS ORES COAL GRAIN WOOD ETC.

v  FUMES: SOLIDS PARTICLES GENERATED BY HANDLING GRINDLING RAPID IMPACT DEFORMATION OF ORGAN OR INORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS ROCKS ORES GRAIN WOOD

v  LIQUIDS COMPRISING OF COPMBUSTIBLES/FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS TOXIC AND XXXXX CAUSING EXPLOSIONS

v  MISTS:SUSPOENDED LIQUID DROPLETS GENERATED BY CONDENSATIONS FROM GASEOUS FOR THE LIQUID STATE SUCH AS SPRAYING FOAMING AND ATOMIZING.

v  GASES COMPRISING COMBUSTIBLE FLAMMABLE GASES TOXIC AND CORROSIVE GASES EXPLOSIVE OR MIXTURE OF GASES.

v  VAPORS: THE GASEOUS FORM OF SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE NORMALLY IN THE SOLID OR LIQUID STATE SUCH AS SPRAYING WHICH CAN BBE CHANGED TO THSES STATES BY EITHER INCREASING THE PRESSURE OR DECREASING THE TEMPERATURE ALONE

v  GASES:NORMALLY FORMLESS WHICH OCCUPYING THE  SPACE OF THE ENCLOSURE AND WHICH CAN BE CHANGED TO THE LIQUID SOLID STATE ONLY BY COMBINED EFFECT OF INCREASED PRESSURE AND DECREASED TEMPERTURE

v  SMOKE: GENERALLY IT IS ORGANIC BUT IT MAY INCLUDE SYSTEM CONSISTING PARTICLES OF LOW VAPOUR PRESSURE WHICH SETTLE SLOWLY UNDER GRAVITY

v  FIRE AND EXPLOSION: SOME CHEMICALS HAVE FLASH POINT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 27%C GIVE OUT VAPOUR JUST SUFFICIENT TO IGNITE IN AIR SOME CHEMICALS BURN WITH EXPLOSION OR SOME GASES UNDER PRESSURE CARRY THE POSSIBILITY OF EXPLOSION(H2LPG)

v  EXAMPLES OF CHEMICALS HAZARDS AND EFFECTS:

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS:

1. CARELESSNESS IN HANDLING OF ELECTRICITY
2. IMPROPER AND UNSAFE INSTALLATION
3. IMPRPOER DESIGN SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPTMENT DEVICES INTENT CONNECTING CABLES

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS CLASSIFIEDS:

1. ELECTRIC SHOCK
2. ELECTRIC FLASH
3. ELECTRIC BURN

ELECTRIC FIRES /EXPLOSIONPURPOSE OF EARTHING:

1. TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK TO HUMAN BODY
2. TO AVOID RISK OF FIRE DUE TO EARTH LEAKAGES CURRENT THROUGH UNWANTED PATH
3. TO ENSURE THAT NOP CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR RISES TO A POTENTIAL WITH RESPECT TO EARTH THAN ITS DESIGNED INSULATION IT IS NOT SAFE TO WORK ON EQUIPTMENT WHICH IS NOT EARTHED AN EARTHING ELECTRODE SHALL NOT BE SITUATED WITHIN A DISTANCE OF 1.5 MTS FROM THE BUILDINGS WHOSE INSTALLATION SYSTEM BEING EARTHED.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EARTHING:

1. EARTHING THROUGH A WATER MAINS
2. WIRE OR STRIP EARTHING
3. PIPE EARTHING
4. PLATE EARTHING
5. ROD EARTHING

DOUBLE EARTHING:

PURPOSE:

1. IF ONE EARTHING SYSTEM FAILS THE OTHER WILL OPERATE.
2. INSTALLATION OF TWO REDUCES THE RESISTANCE OF THE EARTHING SYSTEM TO MINIMUM POSSIBLE VALUE.

3. THIS SYSTEM PROVIDES ADDITIONAL SAFETY MEASURES TO9 ELIMINATE CHANCES OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS.

P.P.E:

1. TESTED RIBBER HAND GLOVES
2. SAFETY BOOT
3. SAFETY HELMET
4. ALUMINIUM LADDER
5. ELECTRICITY
6. OBJECTIVES:
7. THE PURPOSE OF STUDY ON ELECTRICITY IS TO IDENTIFY THE RISKS AND TO TAKE CORRECT AT DESIGN INSTALLATIONS & OPERATIONAL STAGES TO ENSURE ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS ARE ELIMINATED.
8. RELAY: A PROTECTIVE RELAY IS AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE CONNECTED BETWEEN THE MAIN CIRCUIT AND THE CIRCUIT BREAKER THAT DETECTS THE FAULTS AND INITIATES THE OPERATION OF THE CIRCUIT BREAKER
9. FUSING CURRENT:
10. IT IS MAXIMUM VALUE OF CURRENT AT WHICH THE FUSE ELEMENT MELTS &THUS DISCONNECT THE CIRCUIT
11. CONDUCTOR: A SUBSTANCES OR BODY WHICH ALLOWS CURRENT OF ELECTRICITY TO PASS CONTINOUSLY
12. EARTHING: AN OBJECT SAID TO BE EARTHED WHEN IT IS ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED BY MEANS OF AN EARTH CONNECTED

1 TO 8 MA

PERCEPTIBLE BUT NOT  PAINFUL

8 TO 15 MAELCB(EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER):

1. ELCB CAN DETECT SMALL CURRENT FLOWING TO EARTH THROUGH HUMAN BODY AND BREAKS THE CIRCUIT TO AVOID OF SHOCK PREVENT INJURY OR FATAL.
2. ELCB DEVICES SHALL DETECT THE FAULT CURRENT INTERRUPT THE SUPPLY AND GREATLY REDUCE THE RSIK OF FIRE.
3. ELCB SERVES FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
4. FUNCTIONING OF ELCB SHOULD BE TESTED ONCE IN A MONTH.

EVERY WORKER THAT ENTERS A CONFINED SPACE MUST BE FULLY TRAINED ON THE FOLLOWING:

v  RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONFINED SPACES THAT WILL BE ENTERED.

v  EVALUATION AND CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR THE IDENTIFIED OR POTENTIAL HAQZARDS

v  ALL EQUIPTMENT SUCH AS VENTILLATION EQUIPTMENTS(BLOWERS) HARNESSES AND AIR QUALITY MONITORS THAT WILL BE USED WHILE IN THE SPACE CONFINED

PAINFUL SHOCK MUSCULAR CONTROL IS NOT LOST

15 TO 20 MA

PAINFUL SHOCK

20 TO 50 MA

SEVERE MUSCULAR CONTRACTION BREATHING DIFFICULT

50 TO 100 MA

POSSIBLE DEATH VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION A HEARTS CONDITION THAT BRESULTS IN INSTANTS DEATH

200 MA AND ABOVE

CERTAIN DEATH

v  ALL PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPTMENTS THAT THE WORKERS WILL BE USING WHILE IN THE CONFINED SPACES

v  ALL PROCEDURES FOR ENTERING THE CONFINED SPACES AS OUTLINED IN THE EMPLOYER CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

v  PRODURES TO FOLLOW IN THE VENT OF A SITUATIONS DEVELOPING THAT COULD PRESENT ADDITIONAL RISK TO THE WORKER OR AN EMERGENCY

v  THE SPECIFIC WORK TO BE DONE WHILE IN THE CONFINED SPACES

v  WORKERS WITH EMERGENCY RESCUE RESPONSIBILTY WILL NEED ADDITIONAL SPECIALIZED TRAINING

COURSES:

v  Diploma in occupational Health And Safety

v  Diploma in industrial safety

v  Diploma in electrical safety

v  Diploma in fire fighting

v  Diploma in construction safety

v  Certificate in fire and safety engineering

v  Diploma in fire and safety engineering

v  PG diploma in fire and safety engineering

v  Certificate in oil  and Gas safety

v  Diploma in oil and Gas safety

v  Diploma in health ,safety and Environment

v  PG diploma in Health ,safety Environment

v  JOB PLACEMENT :

NSA will give100% job placement assistance to all successful candidates. Some of the Industries are listed below.

   Oil Refineries, 

   Port trust,
   Airport,
   Chemical Industries,
   Insurance,
   Construction and
   service industries are main job providers.

Students passed out from this institute can find job opportunities as Safety Supervisor, Safety Inspector, Safety Officer, Safety Manager, Fireman and Fire Officer.

  Contact us:

No. 714, 1st Floor, M.T.H Road,
Mannurpet, Chennai – 600 050.
+91 7667442300
Ph: 26242038 ,26242318

Mobile No:8643055672

Website – http://safetyacademy.in/

Email : info@safetyacademy.in